对数平均的推广

记J_1(x,y)=[t(x~(t+1)-y~(t+1)]/[(t+1)(x~t-y~t)]。它有性质:J_(-1/2)(x,y)=G(x,y),J_(1/2)(x,y)=He(x,y),J_1(x,y)=A(x,y)。我们证明了J_1(x,y)关于t单调增加。同时有(?)。那么我们有不等式G(x,y)≤L(x,y)≤He(x,y)≤A(x,y)。     

无氨湿法制备纳米晶In2O3及表征

Preparation of In₂O₃nano-scale powders by ultrasonic and homogeneous precipitation, using metal In and urea as raw materials, was reported for the first time, while the effects of reaction temperature, the ratio of the materials and the pH etc. on the preparation was dicussed. This method can be operated and industrialized easily with very low cost． The structural properties of precursor and In₂O₃were characterized by TG-DTA, XRD, ESCA and TEM. The results show that In₂O₃produced are very pure, monophase and spherical nano-scale powders with average size of 25 nm.     

高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测同时测定烟草中多酚类

用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-PDA)建立了烟草中绿原酸、莨菪亭、芸香苷同时测定的方法。烟草样品用甲醇/水(4∶1,V/V)超声萃取,过滤,上样。用Hypersil ODS(4.6 mm(i.d.)×150 mm,3μm)色谱柱,甲醇/TFA水溶液梯度洗脱,PDA光谱图辅助定性,内标法定量。该方法预处理简单,重现性好,回收率84.4%~96.4%;相对标准偏差为1.4%~6.4%。     

5-叔丁基-5-(1'-羟基-2'-甲基丙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环的合成研究

为得到3,4-二取代双环硫化磷酸酯的中间体5-叔丁基-5-(1'-羟基-2'-甲基丙基)-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环, 通过5-叔丁基-5-甲酰基-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环与异丙基溴化镁反应没有得到目标化合物, 而得到了还原产物, 改用异丙基锂代替异丙基溴化镁反应后得到目标化合物, 通过超声波辅助反应, 大幅度提高了反应收率.     

Stability of adsorber resins under mechanical compression and ultrasonication

Different adsorber and ion exchange resins have been sonicated with ultrasound of different frequencies in a fixed bed. Afterwards, the sonicated particles were investigated by scanning electron and light microscopy. Also, different mechanical properties, like fracture load, maximum flattening and Young's modulus were measured in compression tests and compared to the results of the ultrasonication experiments. Cavitational collapses cause cracks in resins with a high fracture load and a high Young's modulus as well as a low deformation at fracture. Complete destruction of adsorbent particles due to acoustic cavitation is observed with particles of low fracture loading and low Young's modulus. No or only little destruction is observed with particles which inhibit both sufficient strength and deformation properties. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that resin particles with optimum resistance to ultrasound show both a sufficient fracture load as well as high mechanical flexibility. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Molecular Interactions in Formamide + Isomeric Butanols: An Ultrasonic and Volumetric Study

Densities, , ultrasonic speeds, u and viscosities, of the binary mixtures of formamide (FA) with 1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 2-methyl-2-propanol, including those of pure liquids, were measured over the whole composition range at 35°C. Using the experimental values of , u and , the deviations in isentropic compressibility, _s , excess volume, V ^E, viscosity, , and excess Gibbs energy of activation of viscous flow, G* ^E , were calculated from the linear dependence of these parameters on composition of mixtures. The apparent molar isentropic compressibility, K _,2 and apparent molar volume, V ^,2 of alcohols in FA were also calculated. The variations of these parameters with composition are discussed from the point of view of intermolecular interactions in these mixtures. The V ^E data have also been analyzed using Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory. An analysis of each of the three contributions, viz., interactional, free volume, and P* effect to V ^E shows that P*, the internal pressure parameter of the theory, plays a dominant role in deciding the sign and magnitude of V ^E.     

关于聚电解质浓溶液的粘度-浓度幂律方程中指数(α)的探讨

在含有0.07 mol NaNO_3外加盐和无外加盐的二甲基甲酰胺/甲苯(体积比:3/1)的两类混合溶剂中,采用RN50-1型落球粘度仪研究了不同磺化度(IEC=0～0.93mmol/g)的磺化聚砜(S-PSF)浓溶液的零剪切粘度(η)-浓度(C)的幂律关系式,η=K·C~α。实验结果显示:磺化度不同的试样在舍有外加盐溶剂中的指数(α=4.29～3.52)值均分别大于无外加盐溶剂中的指数(α=4.09～3.03)值,且它们都随试样磺化度的增加而下降。文中,应用标度的分析方法对浓度指数(α)的变化规律作了解释。     

超声波合成介孔分子筛

介孔分子筛MCM鄄41自问世以来一直是材料研究的热门领域之一[1,2],目前报道的主要合成方法有水热合成法[3,4]、微波法[5,6]等。其中水热法反应时间长达3~5d,耗能大,不利于实用化生产。超声波化学又称声化学,是一门新兴的交叉学科。超声波的波长远大于分子尺寸,因而不能对分子直     

基于分形动力学过程的腐蚀预测模型

腐蚀是一种复杂随机现象,可以用分形理论更好地描述。本文根据分形动力学过程,以一组基于不同表面条件下的腐蚀发生概率为参数,建立计算机模型来预测大气、土壤环境的金属腐蚀过程。计算结果和实际腐蚀特征吻合一致。此外,本文还讨论了幂函数腐蚀模型中指数n和各种腐蚀概率之间的定量关系,揭示了腐蚀发展规律。     

Quasichemical interpretation of the ultrasonic velocity in ternary aqueous systems

The quasichemical model of hydration have been used to calculate the speed of ultrasound in binary solutions of water and nonelectrolyte. The model has been confined to systems that exhibit a maximum in the ultrasonic velocity vs. nonelectrolyte concentration. The parameters of the model are the hydration equilibrium constant, the nonelectrolyte hydration number, and the molar volume and compressibility of the hydrated nonelectrolyte. These have been fitted to experimental results by the method of least squares. The model calculations reproduce qualitatively the ultrasonic velocity as a function of nonelectrolyte concentration. The calculated maximum of the ultrasonic velocity is generally too low, but the nonelectrolyte concentration at which this maximum occurs agrees well with experiment.Addition of a third component shift the velocity maximum. The quasichemical model has also been used to calculate this shift. These calculations have been based on the parameters developed for the binary system. The shift on the nonelectrolyte concentration scale is reproduced satisfactorily, but the shift of the maximal value of the ultrasonic velocity is less accurately predicted by the model.